class 12 NCERT Solution English
Flamingo Chapter 2
Lost Spring by Anees Jung
Think as You Read -
1. What is Saheb looking for in the garbage dumps? Where is he and where has he come from?
Answer - Saheb looks for valuables in the garbage dumps, hoping to find items like coins or sellable goods. He is in Seemapuri, Delhi, and comes from Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2.What explanations does the author offer for the children not wearing footwear?
Answer - The author explains that children often do not wear footwear due to a tradition of barefoot living, but the more pressing reason is enduring poverty, which prevents them from affording shoes.
3.Is Saheb happy working at the tea-stall? Explain
Answer- No, Saheb is not happy working at the tea-stall. Although he earns 800 rupees and all his meals, he misses the sense of freedom and joy he experienced while scavenging in the garbage dumps.
1.What makes the city of Firozabad famous?
Answer - Firozabad is famous for its glass-blowing industry, particularly the production of glass bangles. The city is renowned for its traditional craftsmanship and the numerous families involved in bangle making for generations.
2.Mention the hazards of working in the glass bangles industry.
Answer- The hazards of working in the glass bangles industry include exposure to high temperatures in the furnaces, risk of burns and cuts, and long-term health issues like lung diseases and vision problems from constant exposure to glass dust and intense light.
3.How is Mukesh’s attitude to his situation different from that of his family?
Answer- Mukesh’s attitude is different as he dreams of breaking free from the traditional occupation of bangle making. Unlike his family, who have resigned to their fate, Mukesh aspires to become a motor mechanic and change his future.
Understanding the text -
1.What could be some of the reasons for the migration of people from villages to cities?
Answer- People migrate from villages to cities due to lack of employment, natural disasters, better opportunities, education, and healthcare facilities, along with the hope for improved living conditions and financial stability.
OR
Migration from villages to cities often occurs due to limited employment opportunities and poor living conditions in rural areas. Natural disasters, such as floods or droughts, can devastate agricultural livelihoods, forcing families to seek work in urban areas. Cities also offer better access to education, healthcare, and other amenities, attracting people in search of a better quality of life.
OR
The migration of people from villages to cities can be attributed to several factors. Economic reasons, such as the lack of employment opportunities and poor agricultural income, are primary drivers. Natural disasters, including floods, droughts, or other calamities, often destroy rural livelihoods, compelling families to move. Additionally, the promise of better living conditions, access to education, healthcare, and other urban amenities, and the hope for a more prosperous future attract people to cities. Urban areas also tend to offer more diverse job opportunities, which can be appealing to those seeking financial stability and growth.
2.Would you agree that promises made to poor children are rarely kept? Why do you think this happens in the incidents narrated in the text?
Answer- Yes, promises made to poor children are rarely kept due to systemic poverty, lack of resources, and societal neglect, as seen in Saheb's unfulfilled dream of attending school in the text.
OR
Yes, promises made to poor children are rarely kept. This happens due to systemic issues like poverty, lack of resources, and societal indifference. In the text, Saheb's dream of attending school remains unfulfilled because the social and economic structures do not support his aspirations. The gap between promises and reality highlights the failure of society to address the needs of impoverished children.
OR
Yes, promises made to poor children are rarely kept due to several reasons, including systemic poverty, lack of resources, and societal neglect. In the text, Saheb dreams of attending school and escaping his life of scavenging. However, these promises remain unfulfilled as the social and economic structures do not support his aspirations. The lack of meaningful intervention and support systems ensures that the cycle of poverty continues. Additionally, societal indifference and broken promises from those in power or authority contribute to the persistent failure to uplift and support poor children like Saheb.
3.What forces conspire to keep the workers in the bangle industry of Firozabad in poverty?
Answer- Workers in Firozabad’s bangle industry are kept in poverty by exploitative employers, caste restrictions, lack of education, inadequate resources, and a corrupt system that prevents them from organizing for better conditions.
OR
The workers in Firozabad’s bangle industry are trapped in poverty due to multiple forces. Exploitative employers take advantage of their need for work, while caste restrictions limit their opportunities. Lack of education and awareness prevents them from seeking better jobs. Additionally, a corrupt system, including local officials and police, conspires to prevent them from organizing and fighting for better working conditions and fair wages.
OR
In Firozabad’s bangle industry, several forces conspire to keep workers in poverty. Exploitative employers and middlemen pay meager wages while demanding long hours. Caste restrictions and traditions limit workers' opportunities for alternative employment. Lack of access to education and awareness keeps them ignorant of their rights. Moreover, a corrupt system, including local officials and police, suppresses their attempts to organize and demand better wages or conditions. These workers are also caught in a debt cycle with moneylenders, further entrenching their poverty. The cumulative effect of these factors ensures that poverty persists across generations.
Talking about the text
1. How, in your opinion, can Mukesh realise his dream?
Answer- Mukesh can realize his dream by pursuing technical education, gaining practical experience in motor mechanics, seeking mentorship, and finding support from NGOs or community programs dedicated to vocational training.
OR
Mukesh can realize his dream of becoming a motor mechanic by enrolling in a technical education program or vocational training center to gain formal skills. Practical experience through apprenticeships with experienced mechanics will be crucial. Additionally, finding a mentor in the field and seeking support from NGOs or community programs dedicated to vocational training can provide him with the resources and guidance needed to achieve his goal.
OR
To realize his dream of becoming a motor mechanic, Mukesh should pursue technical education through vocational training centers that offer courses in motor mechanics. He should seek practical experience by working as an apprentice with experienced mechanics to gain hands-on skills. Finding a mentor in the field can provide valuable guidance and support. Additionally, Mukesh can benefit from support provided by NGOs or community programs focused on vocational training and skill development. These steps will equip him with the necessary knowledge, skills, and networks to break free from traditional occupations and achieve his aspirations.
2. Mention the hazards of working in the glass bangles industry.
Answer- Hazards in the glass bangles industry include exposure to high temperatures, risk of burns and cuts, lung diseases from inhaling glass dust, and vision impairment from continuous exposure to intense light.
OR
The glass bangles industry poses several hazards to workers. They are exposed to extremely high temperatures, risking burns and cuts from handling molten glass. Continuous exposure to glass dust leads to serious respiratory problems, including lung diseases. The intense light from the furnaces and the process of working with glass can cause vision impairment over time. Additionally, long working hours in unsafe conditions further exacerbate health risks.
OR
Working in the glass bangles industry involves numerous hazards. Workers face constant exposure to extremely high temperatures, which increases the risk of burns and severe cuts from handling molten glass. Inhaling fine glass dust can lead to chronic respiratory issues, including lung diseases. The intense light from the furnaces and close work with glass can result in significant vision impairment. Moreover, the long working hours in poorly ventilated and unsafe environments exacerbate these health risks. The lack of adequate safety measures and medical facilities further endangers the workers’ health and well-being.
3. Why should child labour be eliminated and how?
Answer- Child labour should be eliminated to protect children's health, ensure their education, and break the cycle of poverty. This can be achieved through strict laws, awareness campaigns, and providing support to families.
OR
Child labour should be eliminated to protect children's physical and mental health, ensure they receive an education, and break the intergenerational cycle of poverty. This can be achieved through the enforcement of strict laws, awareness campaigns to highlight the importance of education, and providing economic support to families. Government and NGO initiatives can help in creating better livelihood opportunities for parents, reducing the need for children to work.
OR
Eliminating child labour is crucial to protect children's physical and mental well-being, ensure their right to education, and break the cycle of poverty that traps families across generations. This can be achieved through a multifaceted approach: enforcing strict child labour laws, conducting awareness campaigns about the importance of education and child rights, and providing economic support to impoverished families. Government policies and NGO initiatives should focus on creating alternative livelihood opportunities for parents, ensuring that children can attend school without the pressure to contribute to the family income through labour.
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