"Study With Mayank Sir" Chemistry Fill in the blanks Chapter 1 Solution
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ЁЯУШ Chapter 1: Solutions
ЁЯУД Fill in the Blanks (Knowledge Based)
- Marks: 0.5 each
- Total Questions: 50
- ЁЯФ╣ Fill in the Blanks (0.5 × 50 = 25 marks)
Q1.
A solution having uniform composition throughout is called a __________ mixture.
рдПрдХ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдЬिрд╕рдХी рд╕ंрд░рдЪрдиा рд╕рд░्рд╡рдд्рд░ рд╕рдоाрди рд╣ोрддी рд╣ै, рдЙрд╕े __________ рдоिрд╢्рд░рдг рдХрд╣рддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Homogeneous / рд╕рдоांрдЧी
Explanation: A homogeneous mixture has uniform composition throughout, which is the basic definition of a solution in NCERT.
Q2. The component present in larger amount in a solution is called the __________.
рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдоें рдЕрдзिрдХ рдоाрдд्рд░ा рдоें рдЙрдкрд╕्рдеिрдд рдШрдЯрдХ рдХो __________ рдХрд╣рддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Solvent / рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ
Explanation: Solvent determines the physical state of the solution.
Q3. The concentration unit expressed as moles per litre is called __________.
рдоोрд▓ рдк्рд░рддि рд▓ीрдЯрд░ рдоें рд╡्рдпрдХ्рдд рд╕ांрдж्рд░рддा рдХी рдЗрдХाрдИ __________ рдХрд╣рд▓ाрддी рд╣ै।
Answer: Molarity / рдоोрд▓рд░рддा
Explanation: Molarity = moles of solute per litre of solution.
Q4. Mole fraction is a __________ quantity.
рдоोрд▓ рдЕंрд╢ рдПрдХ __________ рд░ाрд╢ि рд╣ै।
Answer: Unitless / рдиिрд░рдПрдХрдХ
Explanation: Mole fraction has no unit as it is a ratio.
Q5. Solutions which obey Raoult’s law over entire range of concentration are called __________ solutions.
рдЬो рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рд╕рднी рд╕ांрдж्рд░рддाрдУं рдкрд░ рд░ॉрд▓्рдЯ рдХा рдиिрдпрдо рдоाрдирддे рд╣ैं, рд╡े __________ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХрд╣рд▓ाрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Ideal / рдЖрджрд░्рд╢
Explanation: Ideal solutions show no deviation from Raoult’s law.
Q6. Colligative properties depend upon the __________ of solute particles.
рд╕рдоूрд╣ рдЧुрдг __________ рдХрдгों рдкрд░ рдиिрд░्рднрд░ рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Number / рд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा
Explanation: Colligative properties depend only on number of solute particles, not their nature.
Q7. Elevation in boiling point is denoted by __________.
рдЙрдмрд▓ांрдХ рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рдХो __________ рд╕े рджрд░्рд╢ाрдпा рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: ╬ФTb
Explanation: NCERT notation for elevation in boiling point is ╬ФTb.
Q8. Depression in freezing point is represented by __________.
рд╣िрдоांрдХ рдЕрд╡рдирдорди рдХो __________ рд╕े рджрд░्рд╢ाрдпा рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: ╬ФTf
Explanation: Freezing point depression is symbolised as ╬ФTf.
Q9. Henry’s law relates solubility of gas with its __________.
рд╣ेрдирд░ी рдХा рдиिрдпрдо рдЧैрд╕ рдХी рд╡िрд▓ेрдпрддा рдХो рдЙрд╕рдХे __________ рд╕े рдЬोрдб़рддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Partial pressure / рдЖंрд╢िрдХ рджाрдм
Explanation: According to Henry’s law, solubility of a gas is directly proportional to its partial pressure.
Q10. ppm stands for __________.
ppm рдХा рдЕрд░्рде __________ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Parts per million / рджрд╕ рд▓ाрдЦ рдоें рднाрдЧ
Explanation: ppm is used for expressing very dilute concentrations.
Q11. The vapour pressure of a solution is always __________ than that of pure solvent.
рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХा рд╡ाрд╖्рдк рджाрдм рд╢ुрдж्рдз рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рд╕े рд╕рджैрд╡ __________ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Lower / рдХрдо
Explanation: Addition of non-volatile solute lowers vapour pressure.
Q12. Mass by volume percentage is expressed as __________.
рдж्рд░рд╡्рдпрдоाрди-рдЖрдпрддрди рдк्рд░рддिрд╢рдд рдХो __________ рд╕े рджрд░्рд╢ाрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: w/v
Explanation: w/v means mass of solute per 100 mL of solution.
Q13. Raoult’s law is applicable to __________ solutions.
рд░ॉрд▓्рдЯ рдХा рдиिрдпрдо __________ рд╡िрд▓рдпрдиों рдкрд░ рд▓ाрдЧू рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Ideal / рдЖрджрд░्рд╢
Explanation: Raoult’s law is strictly valid for ideal solutions.
Q14. The formula for molality is m = __________.
рдоोрд▓ाрд▓рддा рдХा рд╕ूрдд्рд░ m = __________ рд╣ै।
Answer: Moles of solute / kg of solvent
рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдХे рдоोрд▓ / рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рдХा рдХिрд▓ोрдЧ्рд░ाрдо
Explanation: Molality depends on mass of solvent, not volume.
Q15. Colligative properties are independent of __________ of solute.
рд╕рдоूрд╣ рдЧुрдг рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдХी __________ рдкрд░ рдиिрд░्рднрд░ рдирд╣ीं рдХрд░рддे।
Answer: Nature / рдк्рд░рдХृрддि
Explanation: Only number of solute particles matters.
Q16. Van’t Hoff factor is represented by __________.
рд╡ाрди्рдЯ рд╣ॉрдл рдЧुрдгांрдХ рдХो __________ рд╕े рджрд░्рд╢ाрдпा рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: i
Explanation: Van’t Hoff factor accounts for association or dissociation.
Q17. Relative lowering of vapour pressure is a __________ property.
рд╡ाрд╖्рдк рджाрдм рдХा рдЖрдкेрдХ्рд╖िрдХ рд╣्рд░ाрд╕ рдПрдХ __________ рдЧुрдг рд╣ै।
Answer: Colligative / рд╕рдоूрд╣
Explanation: It depends on number of solute particles.
Q18. The unit of molality is __________.
рдоोрд▓ाрд▓рддा рдХी рдЗрдХाрдИ __________ рд╣ोрддी рд╣ै।
Answer: mol kg⁻¹
Explanation: Molality is moles of solute per kg of solvent.
Q19. Non-ideal solutions show __________ from Raoult’s law.
рдЕрдиाрджрд░्рд╢ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рд░ॉрд▓्рдЯ рдХे рдиिрдпрдо рд╕े __________ рджрд░्рд╢ाрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Deviation / рд╡िрдЪрд▓рди
Explanation: Real solutions usually show positive or negative deviation.
Q20. Ethylene glycol is used as __________ in automobiles.
рдПрдеिрд▓ीрди рдЧ्рд▓ाрдЗрдХोрд▓ рдХा рдк्рд░рдпोрдЧ рд╡ाрд╣рдиों рдоें __________ рдХे рд░ूрдк рдоें рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Antifreeze / рд╣िрдорд░ोрдзрдХ
Explanation: It lowers freezing point of water.
Q21. The ratio of number of moles of a component to total moles is called __________.
рдХिрд╕ी рдШрдЯрдХ рдХे рдоोрд▓ों рдХी рд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा рдХा рдХुрд▓ рдоोрд▓ों рд╕े рдЕрдиुрдкाрдд __________ рдХрд╣рд▓ाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Mole fraction / рдоोрд▓ рдЕंрд╢
Explanation: Mole fraction is defined as moles of a component divided by total moles of all components.
Q22. A solution that shows higher vapour pressure than expected is called __________ solution.
рдЬो рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдЕрдкेрдХ्рд╖ा рд╕े рдЕрдзिрдХ рд╡ाрд╖्рдк рджाрдм рджрд░्рд╢ाрддा рд╣ै, рдЙрд╕े __________ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХрд╣рддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Positive deviation / рдзрдиाрдд्рдордХ рд╡िрдЪрд▓рди
Explanation: Positive deviation occurs when solvent–solute interactions are weaker.
Q23. A solution that shows lower vapour pressure than expected is called __________ solution.
рдЬो рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдЕрдкेрдХ्рд╖ा рд╕े рдХрдо рд╡ाрд╖्рдк рджाрдм рджрд░्рд╢ाрддा рд╣ै, рдЙрд╕े __________ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХрд╣рддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Negative deviation / рдЛрдгाрдд्рдордХ рд╡िрдЪрд▓рди
Explanation: Stronger solute–solvent interactions cause negative deviation.
Q24. Osmotic pressure is denoted by __________.
рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рдХो __________ рд╕े рджрд░्рд╢ाрдпा рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: ╧А
Explanation: Osmotic pressure is represented by the symbol ╧А in NCERT.
Q25. The unit of osmotic pressure is __________.
рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рдХी рдЗрдХाрдИ __________ рд╣ोрддी рд╣ै।
Answer: atm / рд╡ाрдпुрдоंрдбрд▓
Explanation: Osmotic pressure is generally expressed in atmosphere (atm).
Q26. Reverse osmosis occurs when pressure applied is __________ than osmotic pressure.
рдк्рд░рддिрд▓ोрдо рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рддрдм рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै рдЬрдм рд▓рдЧाрдпा рдЧрдпा рджाрдм рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рд╕े __________ рд╣ो।
Answer: Greater / рдЕрдзिрдХ
Explanation: Reverse osmosis requires pressure greater than osmotic pressure.
Q27. The formula for osmotic pressure is ╧А = __________.
рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рдХा рд╕ूрдд्рд░ ╧А = __________ рд╣ै।
Answer: CRT
Explanation: ╧А = C R T, where C is molarity, R gas constant, T temperature.
Q28. Osmotic pressure is a __________ property.
рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рдПрдХ __________ рдЧुрдг рд╣ै।
Answer: Colligative / рд╕рдоूрд╣
Explanation: It depends on number of solute particles.
Q29. Isotonic solutions have __________ osmotic pressure.
рд╕рдордкрд░ाрд╕ाрд░ी рд╡िрд▓рдпрдиों рдХा рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм __________ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Equal / рд╕рдоाрди
Explanation: Isotonic solutions have same osmotic pressure.
Q30. Hypertonic solution has __________ osmotic pressure than blood.
рдЕрдзिрдкрд░ाрд╕ाрд░ी рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХा рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рд░рдХ्рдд рд╕े __________ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Higher / рдЕрдзिрдХ
Explanation: Hypertonic solutions have higher osmotic pressure.
Q31. Hypotonic solution has __________ osmotic pressure than blood.
рдЕрд▓्рдкрдкрд░ाрд╕ाрд░ी рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХा рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рд░рдХ्рдд рд╕े __________ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Lower / рдХрдо
Explanation: Hypotonic solutions have lower osmotic pressure.
Q32. Van’t Hoff factor for NaCl in dilute solution is approximately __________.
рдкрддрд▓े рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдоें NaCl рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╡ाрди्рдЯ рд╣ॉрдл рдЧुрдгांрдХ рд▓рдЧрднрдЧ __________ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: 2 / рджो
Explanation: NaCl dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.
Q33. Abnormal molar mass is observed due to __________ of solute.
рдЕрд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рдоोрд▓рд░ рдж्рд░рд╡्рдпрдоाрди рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдХे __________ рдХे рдХाрд░рдг рдкाрдпा рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Association or dissociation / рд╕ंрдШрдЯрди рдпा рдЕрдкрдШрдЯрди
Explanation: Change in number of particles affects colligative properties.
Q34. The freezing point of a solution is always __________ than pure solvent.
рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХा рд╣िрдоांрдХ рд╢ुрдж्рдз рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рд╕े рд╕рджैрд╡ __________ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Lower / рдХрдо
Explanation: Addition of solute lowers freezing point.
Q35. Elevation in boiling point depends on __________ of solution.
рдЙрдмрд▓ांрдХ рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХी __________ рдкрд░ рдиिрд░्рднрд░ рдХрд░рддी рд╣ै।
Answer: Molality / рдоोрд▓ाрд▓рддा
Explanation: ╬ФTb ∝ molality, not molarity.
Q36. Molality is independent of __________.
рдоोрд▓ाрд▓рддा __________ рдкрд░ рдиिрд░्рднрд░ рдирд╣ीं рдХрд░рддी।
Answer: Temperature / рддाрдкрдоाрди
Explanation: Molality is based on mass, not volume.
Q37. Molarity changes with __________.
рдоोрд▓рд░рддा __________ рдХे рд╕ाрде рдмрджрд▓рддी рд╣ै।
Answer: Temperature / рддाрдкрдоाрди
Explanation: Volume of solution changes with temperature.
Q38. Azeotropes boil at __________ temperature.
рдПрдЬ़िрдпोрдЯ्рд░ोрдк __________ рддाрдк рдкрд░ рдЙрдмрд▓рддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Constant / рд╕्рдеिрд░
Explanation: Azeotropes behave like pure substances during boiling.
Q39. Minimum boiling azeotrope shows __________ deviation.
рди्рдпूрдирддрдо рдЙрдмрд▓ांрдХ рдПрдЬ़िрдпोрдЯ्рд░ोрдк __________ рд╡िрдЪрд▓рди рджрд░्рд╢ाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Positive / рдзрдиाрдд्рдордХ
Explanation: Weak interactions cause positive deviation.
Q40. Maximum boiling azeotrope shows __________ deviation.
рдЕрдзिрдХрддрдо рдЙрдмрд▓ांрдХ рдПрдЬ़िрдпोрдЯ्рд░ोрдк __________ рд╡िрдЪрд▓рди рджрд░्рд╢ाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Negative / рдЛрдгाрдд्рдордХ
Explanation: Strong interactions cause negative deviation.
Q41. Colligative properties are proportional to __________.
рд╕рдоूрд╣ рдЧुрдг __________ рдХे рд╕рдоाрдиुрдкाрддी рд╣ोрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Number of solute particles / рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдХрдгों рдХी рд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा
Explanation: This is the core definition of colligative properties.
Q42. Henry’s law constant is represented by __________.
рд╣ेрдирд░ी рдиिрдпрдо рд╕्рдеिрд░ांрдХ рдХो __________ рд╕े рджрд░्рд╢ाрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: KH
Explanation: KH is used in Henry’s law equation.
Q43. Greater value of KH indicates __________ solubility of gas.
KH рдХा рдЕрдзिрдХ рдоाрди рдЧैрд╕ рдХी __________ рд╡िрд▓ेрдпрддा рджрд░्рд╢ाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Lower / рдХрдо
Explanation: Solubility is inversely proportional to KH.
Q44. Reverse osmosis is used for __________ purification.
рдк्рд░рддिрд▓ोрдо рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рдХा рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ __________ рд╢ुрдж्рдзिрдХрд░рдг рдХे рд▓िрдП рдХिрдпा рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Water / рдЬрд▓
Explanation: Reverse osmosis is widely used in water purification.
Q45. Relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to __________.
рд╡ाрд╖्рдк рджाрдм рдХा рдЖрдкेрдХ्рд╖िрдХ рд╣्рд░ाрд╕ __________ рдХे рдмрд░ाрдмрд░ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Mole fraction of solute / рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдХा рдоोрд▓ рдЕंрд╢
Explanation: RLVP = mole fraction of solute (NCERT relation).
Q46. Colligative properties are applicable to __________ solutions.
рд╕рдоूрд╣ рдЧुрдг __________ рд╡िрд▓рдпрдиों рдкрд░ рд▓ाрдЧू рд╣ोрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Dilute / рдкрддрд▓े
Explanation: Colligative laws are valid for dilute solutions.
Q47. The SI unit of molarity is __________.
рдоोрд▓рд░рддा рдХी SI рдЗрдХाрдИ __________ рд╣ै।
Answer: mol L⁻¹
Explanation: Molarity is expressed as moles per litre.
Q48. Depression in freezing point constant is denoted by __________.
рд╣िрдоांрдХ рдЕрд╡рдирдорди рдиिрдпрддांрдХ рдХो __________ рд╕े рджрд░्рд╢ाрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Kf
Explanation: Kf is molal depression constant.
Q49. Elevation in boiling point constant is denoted by __________.
рдЙрдмрд▓ांрдХ рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рдиिрдпрддांрдХ рдХो __________ рд╕े рджрд░्рд╢ाрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Kb
Explanation: Kb is molal elevation constant.
Q50. The blood plasma is __________ solution.
рд░рдХ्рдд рдк्рд▓ाрдЬ्рдоा рдПрдХ __________ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рд╣ै।
Answer: Isotonic / рд╕рдордкрд░ाрд╕ाрд░ी
Explanation: Blood plasma has same osmotic pressure as body fluids.
ЁЯУШ Chapter 1 – Solutions
ЁЯФ╣ Fill in the Blanks (Understanding-Based)
Class 12 Chemistry | NCERT
Marks: 0.5 × 50 = 25 Marks
Q1.
A solution in which solute follows Raoult’s law completely is called an ______ solution.
рд░ॉрд▓्рдЯ рдХे рдиिрдпрдо рдХा рдкूрд░्рдг рд░ूрдк рд╕े рдкाрд▓рди рдХрд░рдиे рд╡ाрд▓ा рд╡िрд▓рдпрди ______ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХрд╣рд▓ाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Ideal solution / рдЖрджрд░्рд╢ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди
Explanation: An ideal solution obeys Raoult’s law over the entire range of concentration.
Q2.
The component present in the largest amount in a solution is called the ______.
рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдоें рд╕рд░्рд╡ाрдзिрдХ рдоाрдд्рд░ा рдоें рдЙрдкрд╕्рдеिрдд рдШрдЯрдХ рдХो ______ рдХрд╣рддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Solvent / рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ
Explanation: Solvent determines the physical state of the solution.
Q3.
Mole fraction is a ______ quantity.
рдоोрд▓ рдЕंрд╢ рдПрдХ ______ рд░ाрд╢ि рд╣ै।
Answer: Unitless / рдЗрдХाрдИ рд░рд╣िрдд
Explanation: Mole fraction is a ratio of moles, hence has no unit.
Q4.
Solutions having same vapour pressure as pure solvent are ______ solutions.
рд╢ुрдж्рдз рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рдХे рд╕рдоाрди рд╡ाрд╖्рдк рджाрдм рд╡ाрд▓े рд╡िрд▓рдпрди ______ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рд╣ोрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Ideal solutions / рдЖрджрд░्рд╢ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди
Explanation: In ideal solutions, intermolecular forces remain unchanged.
Q5.
Henry’s law is applicable for solutions of ______ in liquids.
рд╣ेрдирд░ी рдХा рдиिрдпрдо рдж्рд░рд╡ों рдоें ______ рдХे рд╡िрд▓рдп рдкрд░ рд▓ाрдЧू рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Gases / рдЧैрд╕ें
Explanation: Henry’s law relates solubility of gas with pressure.
Q6.
The SI unit of molarity is ______.
рдоोрд▓рд░рддा рдХी SI рдЗрдХाрдИ ______ рд╣ै।
Answer: mol L⁻¹ / рдоोрд▓ рдк्рд░рддि рд▓ीрдЯрд░
Explanation: Molarity is moles of solute per litre of solution.
Q7.
A solution showing positive deviation has vapour pressure ______ than expected.
рдзрдиाрдд्рдордХ рд╡िрдЪрд▓рди рджрд░्рд╢ाрдиे рд╡ाрд▓े рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХा рд╡ाрд╖्рдк рджाрдм рдЕрдкेрдХ्рд╖ा рд╕े ______ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Higher / рдЕрдзिрдХ
Explanation: Weaker solute–solvent interactions increase vapour pressure.
Q8.
Colligative properties depend on the ______ of solute particles.
рдХोрд▓िрдЧेрдЯिрд╡ рдЧुрдг рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдХрдгों рдХी ______ рдкрд░ рдиिрд░्рднрд░ рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Number / рд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा
Explanation: They depend on number, not nature, of solute particles.
Q9.
Relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to the ______ of solute.
рд╡ाрд╖्рдк рджाрдм рдоें рд╕ाрдкेрдХ्рд╖ рдЕрд╡рдирдорди рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдХे ______ рдХे рдмрд░ाрдмрд░ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Mole fraction / рдоोрд▓ рдЕंрд╢
Explanation: ╬ФP/P° = mole fraction of solute.
Q10.
Elevation in boiling point is directly proportional to ______.
рдХ्рд╡рдердиांрдХ рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рд╕ीрдзे ______ рдХे рд╕рдоाрдиुрдкाрддी рд╣ोрддी рд╣ै।
Answer: Molality / рдоोрд▓ाрд▓рддा
Explanation: ╬ФTb = Kb × m.
Q11.
Freezing point of a solution is ______ than that of pure solvent.
рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХा рд╣िрдоांрдХ рд╢ुрдж्рдз рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рд╕े ______ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Lower / рдХрдо
Explanation: Presence of solute lowers freezing point.
Q12.
The unit of molal depression constant (Kf) is ______.
рд╣िрдоांрдХ рдЕрд╡рдирдорди рдиिрдпрддांрдХ (Kf) рдХी рдЗрдХाрдИ ______ рд╣ै।
Answer: K kg mol⁻¹ / рдХेрд▓्рд╡िрди рдХिрдЧ्рд░ा рдоोрд▓⁻¹
Explanation: Derived from ╬ФTf = Kf × m.
Q13.
Reverse osmosis occurs when pressure applied is ______ osmotic pressure.
рдк्рд░рддिрд▓ोрдо рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рддрдм рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै рдЬрдм рд▓рдЧाрдпा рдЧрдпा рджाрдм рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рд╕े ______ рд╣ो।
Answer: Greater than / рдЕрдзिрдХ
Explanation: Pressure greater than osmotic pressure reverses solvent flow.
Q14.
Osmotic pressure is a ______ property.
рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рдПрдХ ______ рдЧुрдг рд╣ै।
Answer: Colligative / рдХोрд▓िрдЧेрдЯिрд╡
Explanation: Depends only on number of solute particles.
Q15.
Abnormal molar mass is observed due to ______ of solute.
рдЕрд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рдоोрд▓рд░ рдж्рд░рд╡्рдпрдоाрди рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдХे ______ рдХे рдХाрд░рдг рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Association or dissociation / рд╕ंрдШрдЯрди рдпा рд╡िрдШрдЯрди
Explanation: Changes effective number of particles.
Q16.
Van’t Hoff factor is denoted by ______.
рд╡ैрди्рдЯ рд╣ॉрдл рдЧुрдгांрдХ рдХो ______ рд╕े рджрд░्рд╢ाрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: i / i
Explanation: i = actual particles / expected particles.
Q17.
Solutions having same osmotic pressure are called ______ solutions.
рд╕рдоाрди рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рд╡ाрд▓े рд╡िрд▓рдпрди ______ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХрд╣рд▓ाрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Isotonic / рд╕рдордкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдгी
Explanation: Such solutions show no net osmosis.
Q18.
Molality is independent of ______.
рдоोрд▓ाрд▓рддा ______ рдкрд░ рдиिрд░्рднрд░ рдирд╣ीं рдХрд░рддी।
Answer: Temperature / рддाрдкрдоाрди
Explanation: Mass does not change with temperature.
Q19.
Raoult’s law is applicable only to ______ solutions.
рд░ॉрд▓्рдЯ рдХा рдиिрдпрдо рдХेрд╡рд▓ ______ рд╡िрд▓рдпрдиों рдкрд░ рд▓ाрдЧू рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Volatile solutions / рд╡ाрд╖्рдкрд╢ीрд▓ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди
Explanation: Both components must be volatile.
Q20.
The solvent moves from ______ solution to concentrated solution during osmosis.
рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рдоें рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ ______ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рд╕े рд╕ाрди्рдж्рд░ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХी рдУрд░ рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Dilute / рд╡िрд░рд▓
Explanation: Solvent flows from lower to higher concentration.
Q21.
The vapour pressure of a solution containing a non-volatile solute is ______ than that of pure solvent.
рдЕрд╡ाрд╖्рдкрд╢ीрд▓ рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдпुрдХ्рдд рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХा рд╡ाрд╖्рдк рджाрдм рд╢ुрдж्рдз рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рдХी рдЕрдкेрдХ्рд╖ा ______ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Lower / рдХрдо
Explanation: Addition of a non-volatile solute lowers the vapour pressure of the solvent.
Q22.
The formula for relative lowering of vapour pressure is ______.
рд╡ाрд╖्рдк рджाрдм рдХे рд╕ाрдкेрдХ्рд╖ рдЕрд╡рдирдорди рдХा рд╕ूрдд्рд░ ______ рд╣ै।
Answer: ╬ФP / P° = n₂ / (n₁ + n₂) / ╬ФP / P° = n₂ / (n₁ + n₂)
Explanation: Relative lowering of vapour pressure equals mole fraction of solute.
Q23.
The elevation in boiling point constant is represented by ______.
рдХ्рд╡рдердиांрдХ рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рдиिрдпрддांрдХ рдХो ______ рд╕े рджрд░्рд╢ाрдпा рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Kb / Kb
Explanation: Kb is a characteristic constant of the solvent.
Q24.
Freezing point depression depends on the ______ of solute particles.
рд╣िрдоांрдХ рдЕрд╡рдирдорди рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдХрдгों рдХी ______ рдкрд░ рдиिрд░्рднрд░ рдХрд░рддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Number / рд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा
Explanation: It is a colligative property, dependent only on number of particles.
Q25.
The unit of osmotic pressure is ______.
рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рдХी рдЗрдХाрдИ ______ рд╣ै।
Answer: Pascal (Pa) / рдкाрд╕्рдХрд▓ (Pa)
Explanation: Osmotic pressure is a type of pressure, so SI unit is pascal.
Q26.
Osmotic pressure is measured using ______.
рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рдХो ______ рдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рдоाрдкा рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Osmometer / рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдгрдоाрдкी
Explanation: An osmometer is used to measure osmotic pressure.
Q27.
The solution which has higher vapour pressure than expected shows ______ deviation.
рдЕрдкेрдХ्рд╖ा рд╕े рдЕрдзिрдХ рд╡ाрд╖्рдк рджाрдм рджрд░्рд╢ाрдиे рд╡ाрд▓ा рд╡िрд▓рдпрди ______ рд╡िрдЪрд▓рди рджिрдЦाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Positive / рдзрдиाрдд्рдордХ
Explanation: Positive deviation occurs due to weaker solute–solvent interactions.
Q28.
The boiling point of a solution is ______ than that of pure solvent.
рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХा рдХ्рд╡рдердиांрдХ рд╢ुрдж्рдз рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рд╕े ______ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Higher / рдЕрдзिрдХ
Explanation: Presence of solute causes elevation in boiling point.
Q29.
Molality is defined as moles of solute per ______ of solvent.
рдоोрд▓ाрд▓рддा рдХो рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдХे рдоोрд▓ рдк्рд░рддि ______ рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рдХे рд░ूрдк рдоें рдкрд░िрднाрд╖िрдд рдХिрдпा рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Kilogram / рдХिрд▓ोрдЧ्рд░ाрдо
Explanation: Molality uses mass of solvent, not volume.
Q30.
Henry’s law constant increases with increase in ______.
рд╣ेрдирд░ी рдиिрдпрдо рдиिрдпрддांрдХ ______ рдмрдв़рдиे рдкрд░ рдмрдв़рддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Temperature / рддाрдкрдоाрди
Explanation: Gas solubility decreases with increase in temperature.
Q31.
The mathematical expression of Henry’s law is ______.
рд╣ेрдирд░ी рдХे рдиिрдпрдо рдХा рдЧрдгिрддीрдп рд╡्рдпंрдЬрдХ ______ рд╣ै।
Answer: p = KH × x / p = KH × x
Explanation: Partial pressure of gas is proportional to its mole fraction.
Q32.
The phenomenon of solvent flow through semipermeable membrane is called ______.
рдЕрд░्рдзрдкाрд░рдЧрдо्рдп рдЭिрд▓्рд▓ी рд╕े рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рдХे рдк्рд░рд╡ाрд╣ рдХी рдк्рд░рдХ्рд░िрдпा рдХो ______ рдХрд╣рддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Osmosis / рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг
Explanation: Osmosis involves movement of solvent molecules only.
Q33.
Van’t Hoff factor for NaCl in aqueous solution is approximately ______.
рдЬрд▓ीрдп рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдоें NaCl рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╡ैрди्рдЯ рд╣ॉрдл рдЧुрдгांрдХ рд▓рдЧрднрдЧ ______ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: 2 / 2
Explanation: NaCl dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.
Q34.
Colligative properties are independent of the ______ of solute.
рдХोрд▓िрдЧेрдЯिрд╡ рдЧुрдг рд╡िрд▓ेрдп рдХी ______ рд╕े рд╕्рд╡рддंрдд्рд░ рд╣ोрддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Nature / рдк्рд░рдХृрддि
Explanation: Only number of solute particles matters.
Q35.
A solution having lower osmotic pressure than another is called ______ solution.
рдХिрд╕ी рдЕрди्рдп рдХी рдЕрдкेрдХ्рд╖ा рдХрдо рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рд╡ाрд▓े рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХो ______ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХрд╣рддे рд╣ैं।
Answer: Hypotonic / рдЕрд▓्рдкрдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдгी
Explanation: Hypotonic solutions have lower osmotic pressure.
Q36.
Raoult’s law fails for ______ solutions.
рд░ॉрд▓्рдЯ рдХा рдиिрдпрдо ______ рд╡िрд▓рдпрдиों рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЕрд╕рдлрд▓ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Non-ideal / рдЕрдиाрджрд░्рд╢
Explanation: Non-ideal solutions show deviation due to unequal interactions.
Q37.
The freezing point depression constant depends on the nature of ______.
рд╣िрдоांрдХ рдЕрд╡рдирдорди рдиिрдпрддांрдХ ______ рдХी рдк्рд░рдХृрддि рдкрд░ рдиिрд░्рднрд░ рдХрд░рддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Solvent / рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ
Explanation: Kf is characteristic of the solvent.
Q38.
In reverse osmosis, solvent flows from ______ solution to dilute solution.
рдк्рд░рддिрд▓ोрдо рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рдоें рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ ______ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рд╕े рд╡िрд░рд▓ рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХी рдУрд░ рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Concentrated / рд╕ाрди्рдж्рд░
Explanation: Applied pressure reverses natural osmotic flow.
Q39.
The solution used for intravenous injection must be ______ with blood.
рд╢िрд░ा рдоें рджिрдП рдЬाрдиे рд╡ाрд▓े рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХो рд░рдХ्рдд рдХे рд╕ाрде ______ рд╣ोрдиा рдЪाрд╣िрдП।
Answer: Isotonic / рд╕рдордкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдгी
Explanation: Isotonic solutions prevent damage to blood cells.
Q40.
The van’t Hoff factor corrects the value of ______.
рд╡ैрди्рдЯ рд╣ॉрдл рдЧुрдгांрдХ ______ рдХे рдоाрди рдХो рд╕ंрд╢ोрдзिрдд рдХрд░рддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Molar mass / рдоोрд▓рд░ рдж्рд░рд╡्рдпрдоाрди
Explanation: It accounts for association or dissociation effects.
Q41.
Abnormal colligative behaviour is due to ______.
рдЕрд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рдХोрд▓िрдЧेрдЯिрд╡ рд╡्рдпрд╡рд╣ाрд░ ______ рдХे рдХाрд░рдг рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Association or dissociation / рд╕ंрдШрдЯрди рдпा рд╡िрдШрдЯрди
Explanation: These change the effective number of particles.
Q42.
The semipermeable membrane allows passage of ______ only.
рдЕрд░्рдзрдкाрд░рдЧрдо्рдп рдЭिрд▓्рд▓ी рдХेрд╡рд▓ ______ рдХो рдкाрд░ рдХрд░рдиे рджेрддी рд╣ै।
Answer: Solvent molecules / рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рдЕрдгु
Explanation: Solute particles are blocked by the membrane.
Q43.
The SI unit of Henry’s law constant is ______.
рд╣ेрдирд░ी рдиिрдпрдо рдиिрдпрддांрдХ рдХी SI рдЗрдХाрдИ ______ рд╣ै।
Answer: Pascal / рдкाрд╕्рдХрд▓
Explanation: It relates pressure to mole fraction.
Q44.
The boiling point elevation is a ______ property.
рдХ्рд╡рдердиांрдХ рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рдПрдХ ______ рдЧुрдг рд╣ै।
Answer: Colligative / рдХोрд▓िрдЧेрдЯिрд╡
Explanation: It depends on number of solute particles.
Q45.
The formula for osmotic pressure is ______.
рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм рдХा рд╕ूрдд्рд░ ______ рд╣ै।
Answer: ╧А = CRT / ╧А = CRT
Explanation: Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to concentration and temperature.
Q46.
The mole fraction of solvent in a solution is always ______ than 1.
рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдоें рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рдХा рдоोрд▓ рдЕंрд╢ рд╣рдоेрд╢ा 1 рд╕े ______ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Less / рдХрдо
Explanation: Presence of solute reduces mole fraction of solvent.
Q47.
The boiling point of pure solvent is ______ than that of its solution.
рд╢ुрдж्рдз рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рдХा рдХ्рд╡рдердиांрдХ рдЙрд╕рдХे рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рдХी рдЕрдкेрдХ्рд╖ा ______ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Lower / рдХрдо
Explanation: Solute increases boiling point of solution.
Q48.
The freezing point of pure solvent is ______ than that of its solution.
рд╢ुрдж्рдз рд╡िрд▓ाрдпрдХ рдХा рд╣िрдоांрдХ рдЙрд╕рдХे рд╡िрд▓рдпрди рд╕े ______ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Higher / рдЕрдзिрдХ
Explanation: Solute lowers freezing point of solution.
Q49.
For electrolytes, van’t Hoff factor is usually ______ than 1.
рд╡िрдж्рдпुрдд рдЕрдкрдШрдЯ्рдпों рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╡ैрди्рдЯ рд╣ॉрдл рдЧुрдгांрдХ рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдпрддः 1 рд╕े ______ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै।
Answer: Greater / рдЕрдзिрдХ
Explanation: Electrolytes dissociate into ions.
Q50.
The colligative property used to determine molar mass of polymers is ______.
рдкॉрд▓िрдорд░ рдХा рдоोрд▓рд░ рдж्рд░рд╡्рдпрдоाрди рдЬ्рдЮाрдд рдХрд░рдиे рд╣ेрддु рдк्рд░рдпुрдХ्рдд рдХोрд▓िрдЧेрдЯिрд╡ рдЧुрдг ______ рд╣ै।
Answer: Osmotic pressure / рдкрд░ाрд╕рд░рдг рджाрдм
Explanation: Osmotic pressure is suitable for very dilute solutions.
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